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Low-FODMAP Diet Shows Clinical Success

A change in diet can improve the lives of those diagnosed with a common but hard-to-treat gut disorder.

That's the result of research by the University of Michigan (U-M) Health System, presented at Digestive Disease Week, which studied for the first time in the United States the result of following a carefully controlled diet to improve the symptoms and quality of life for those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

"This is the only methodically rigorous clinical trial to show that diet-based therapy can not only improve symptoms but also quality of life in patients with IBS," says Shanti Eswaran, MD, a U-M assistant clinical professor and gastroenterologist who researches the role of diet and food in functional bowel diseases such as IBS.

IBS can be highly debilitating, if not virtually paralyzing, and affect work, sleep, and personal and family relationships.

Most treatments initially rely on medications that are often expensive, usually ineffective, and frequently cause unwelcome side effects. And unfortunately, there's no cure.

Many practitioners and patients have turned to diet as a possible treatment, but many of the dietary recommendations haven't been backed by clinical trials.

The study, the largest of its kind, measured the degree of relief from a low-FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols) diet, which is frequently recommended. This diet excludes many compounds found in wheat, certain fruits and vegetables, garlic, onions, and sugar substitutes.

Over a six-week process, RDs educated and monitored the progress of more than 90 IBS patients. Roughly one-half followed a prescribed low-FODMAP diet, and one-half were a control group that used a common-sense regimen, cutting down on large meals, binges, and known irritants such as caffeine and alcohol.

The results were impressive: More than 50% of the patients on the low-FODMAP diet had major improvement of their abdominal pain, compared with 20% of the control group. There was also more improvement of other bothersome symptoms compared with the control group, including bloating, diarrhea, and stool urgency.

At four weeks, the proportion of patients with a meaningful improvement in IBS quality of life was significantly higher in the low-FODMAP group compared with the control group—61% vs 27%.

While the results are highly encouraging for IBS sufferers, there are a few important caveats, Eswaran says.

Because of the many unknowns about the chemical causes and triggers of IBS, the list of "bad" foods is exhaustive and elusive, and help from a dietitian is highly recommended.

"Low-FODMAP is not a new treatment, but we are now convinced that it really works," she says. "Our next step will be to more precisely determine the underlying chemistry of how and why particular foods can yield dramatically different results for different people. Meanwhile, we strongly recommend that IBS patients work with their physician and a registered dietitian to navigate the low-FODMAP diet to take control of their IBS symptoms."

— Source: University of Michigan Health System